When was uganda established

The CON sent 70 short-term observers from nine countries led by Ebenezer Deborah of Ghana to monitor the presidential and legislative elections from November 24 to December 18, Some 10, Tanzanian troops remained in the country until June 30, some Tanzanian soldiers were killed during the deployment in Uganda.

Clavering of Britain to the government between March 15, and March 15, NRA rebels killed 81 civilians near Kikyusa on May 30, Government troops killed some 90 individuals in Namugongo on May 25, The British government agreed to provide military assistance military training to the government on August 17, Some North Korean troops were deployed in support of the government on November 16, President Obote was overthrown in a military rebellion led by General Bajilio Olara Okello on July 27, , resulting in the deaths of ten individuals.

President Obote fled to Kenya on July 28, A nine-member military council headed by General Tito Okello Lutwa took control of the government and suspended the constitution on July 29, Some , individuals, including some 9, NRA rebels and 40, government soldiers, were killed during the conflict.

At least , individuals were displaced during the conflict. The presidents of Kenya, Rwanda, and Zaire expressed support for the government of President Museveni on January 29, The government suspended political party activity on March 10, President Museveni and Lt. The World Bank provided reconstruction assistance to the government between September 11, and December 31, The ultimatum called on LRA rebels to surrender to government forces within seven days.

The United Nations UN provided electoral assistance and coordinated some election observers from November to December LRA rebels attacked and killed between and civilians in Gulu district on April 22, The Constituent Assembly adopted a new constitution on September 22, , and the constitution went into effect on October 8, President Museveni was re-elected with 74 percent of the vote on May 9, The OAU sent observers to monitor the presidential elections, and reported that the elections were free and fair.

Legislative elections were held on June 27, , and the NRM won out of contested seats in the National Assembly. The CON sent observers to monitor the presidential and legislative elections. Some individuals were killed, and some , individuals were displaced as a result of LRA rebel attacks between January and May The International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC established a mission consisting of some 25 international personnel and local personnel to provide humanitarian assistance to Ugandans displaced during the conflict beginning in June LRA rebels offered to resume negotiations with the government on February 5, ADF rebels attacked Kichwamba and Kabatunda on April 9, , resulting in the deaths of 16 individuals.

ADF rebels killed some 60 individuals in Kaborole on June 9, ADF rebels killed five individuals in Bunegeya on September 8, Government troops and ADF rebels clashed near Bundibugyo on December , , resulting in the deaths of some 50 rebels, 11 civilians, and nine government soldiers. ADF rebels killed two policemen and one civilian in a national park in western Uganda on December 17, Government troops and LRA rebels clashed on December , , resulting in the deaths of four rebels.

ADF rebels killed five civilians in the village of Habusisi on February 10, LRA rebels killed 12 individuals in a refugees camp near Kitgum on March 6, Ugandans rejected a multiparty political system in a referendum held on June 29, LRA rebels killed 10 individuals in the district of Kitgum on September 2, Government troops killed four supporters of presidential candidate, Colonel Kizza Besigye, in the town of Rukungiri on March 3, President Museveni was re-elected with 69 percent of the vote on March 12, The CON sent three short-term observers to monitor the presidential elections on March , ADF rebels killed 15 individuals in the town of Kasese on March 17, In , after Sudanese officials permitted Ugandan forces to attack rebels bases in Sudan, the conflict intensified, but the army failed to achieve any significant success.

Conflicts also erupted with Rwandan troops in the Congo in Uganda claimed its only interest was in securing its own borders. In early , Ugandan officials discovered the bodies of nearly people who had died by mass murder and mass suicide; they had been members of the Ugandan millennialist Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God. In May, , new fighting between Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo led to tense relations with Rwanda.

In June a referendum was held in which Ugandans could vote for Museveni's no-party system or a multiparty democracy. Museveni argued that Uganda was not ready for political parties, which he said had divided the nation by tribe and religion. Opposition leaders, calling Museveni's system a one-party state, called for a boycott of the referendum. In the presidential election in Mar.

His popularity was, in part, diminished by discontent with Uganda's intervention in Congo's civil war and signs of corruption in the government. Uganda's forces were largely withdrawn from Congo by the end of , but there was fighting in between the remaining Ugandan forces and Congolese rebels allied with Rwanda shortly before the last Ugandan troops withdrew. In the International Court of Justice ruled that Uganda had engaged in human rights abuses while in Congo, and had to pay compensation to Congo for looting by its forces.

The attack prompted a renewed government offensive that achieved some successes against the LRA; late in there was a brief truce with the LRA. In Oct. Meanwhile, in July, , voters approved a return to a multiparty system, This time Museveni supported the abandonment of Uganda's no-party politics, in part because of international and internal pressure for the change.

He also subsequently signed into law a constitutional amendment that eliminated the presidential term limit.

In November Besigye was arrested on treason and rape charges that his supporters denounced as trumped up to keep him for running against Museveni, who subsequently announced he would seek a third term. The arrest sparked riots and was criticized internationally, including by the African Union's fledgling Pan-African parliament. Besigye was acquitted of the rape charge in Mar. The campaign was also marred by army attempts to influence the vote in favor of Museveni and other irregularities.

Museveni was reelected in Feb. The results, which were challenged by Besigye's party, were upheld April by Uganda's supreme court, which said that the irregularities were not significant enough to have affected the outcome. Talks with the LRA that began in July, , led to an August agreement that called for a cease-fire, for rebels to assemble at camps in S Sudan, and subsequent peace negotiations. Uganda, on its part, accused LRA forces of violating the agreement by leaving the camps.

In late October, Museveni won Congo's agreement to oust the LRA from its camps there, and subsequently Uganda and the LRA signed a new cease-fire agreement that called for buffer zones around the assembly camps. The cease-fire was extended several times, but otherwise the negotiations progressed with difficulty, and the cease-fire was marred by occasional violence. In Feb. It was scheduled to be signed in early April, but a number of issues, including the nature of procedures for trying rebels accused of crimes and whether ICC warrants against LRA leaders would be dismissed, led Kony who had moved from Congo to the Central African Republic in March to fail to sign the accord as planned.

Subsequently there were signs that the LRA was rearming and recruiting. In June Uganda, Sudan, and Congo Kinshasa agreed to mount a joint offensive against the LRA if the talks failed, while Kony said that he would engage in further negotiations.

The ICC warrants remained a sticking point, however. In Sept. Legislative responsibility is vested in the person parliament, whose members were elected in June The Ugandan judiciary operates as an independent branch of government and consists of magistrates courts, the high court, the court of appeals which also hears constitutional cases as the "constitutional court" and the Supreme Court. Uganda's economy has great potential.

Endowed with significant natural resources, including ample fertile land, regular rainfall, and mineral deposits, it appeared poised for rapid economic growth and development at independence. Yet, chronic political instability and erratic economic management produced a record of persistent economic decline that left Uganda among the world's poorest and least-developed countries.

After the turmoil of the Amin era, the country began a program of economic recovery in that received considerable foreign assistance. From mid on, however, overly expansionist fiscal and monetary policies and the renewed outbreak of civil strife led to a setback in economic performance. Since assuming power in early , the government of President Museveni has taken important steps toward economic rehabilitation. The country's infrastructure--notably its transportation and communications systems which were destroyed by war and neglect--is being rebuilt.

Recognizing the need for increased external support, Uganda negotiated a policy framework paper with the IMF and the World Bank in It subsequently began implementing economic policies designed to restore price stability and sustainable balance of payments, improve capacity utilization, rehabilitate infrastructure, restore producer incentives through proper price policies, and improve resource mobilization and allocation in the public sector.

By , these policies were beginning to produce results. Investment as a percentage of GDP is estimated at Private sector investment, largely financed by private transfers from abroad, was The Ugandan Government also has worked with donor countries to reschedule or cancel substantial portions of the country's external debts.

Exports of hides, skins, vegetables, fruits, cut flowers, and fish are growing, and cotton, tea, and tobacco continue to be mainstays. Most industry is related to agriculture. The industrial sector is being rehabilitated to resume production of building and construction materials, such as cement, reinforcing rods, corrugated roofing sheets, and paint.

Domestically produced consumer goods include plastics, soap, cork, beer, and soft drinks. Uganda has about 30, kilometers 18, mi. Most radiate from Kampala. The country has about 1, kilometers mi. Uganda's important road and rail links to Mombasa serve its transport needs and.

An international airport is at Entebbe on the shore of Lake Victoria, some 32 kilometers 20 mi. In , persistent security problems and increasingly difficult operating circumstances forced withdrawal of U. Peace Corps volunteers and the termination of bilateral U. In November , after repeated public threats against U.

Government property and personnel, the embassy was closed. In , Congress legislated an embargo of all U. S trade with Uganda. Mutesa flees to exile in Britain. Obote immediately introduces a new constitution.

This abolishes the hereditary kingdoms, ends the nation's federal structure and provides for an executive president - a post taken by Obote himself in addition to his role as prime minister. With the help of army and police he terrorizes any remaining political opponents. But meanwhile an ostensible ally, more ruthless even than himself, is making good use of the widespread discontent. In , when Obote is abroad, his regime is toppled in a coup led by Idi Amin.

Obote settles just over the border from Uganda in neighbouring Tanzania, where he maintains a small army of Ugandan exiles under the command of Tito Okello.

Here Obote bides his time while the unbalanced Idi Amin subjects Uganda to a regime of arbitrary terror. The country's economy is severely damaged when he suddenly expels in all Uganda's Asians, a mainstay of the nation's trading middle class.

His obsessions take more local form in the persecution of tribes other than his own. Between , and , Ugandans are reported to be murdered or tortured during Amin's seven years in power. In Amin takes one unbalanced step too far. He invades Tanzania. Julius Nyerere, the Tanzanian president, takes the opportunity not only to repel Amin's army but also to topple his grotesque neighbour. Tanzanian troops, joining forces with Obote's private army, reach Kampala in April Amin flees and lives on, to the century's end and beyond, as an exile in Saudi Arabia.

During the following twelve months there are two interim governments led by returning Ugandan exiles. He is confirmed as president in a general election six months later. Uganda lurches back from a mad dictatorship to a repressive regime held in check only by anarchy.

During the s Obote uses violent means to reimpose his rule, while the country continues to suffer economic chaos and tribal massacres carried out by armed factions beyond anyone's control. In Tito Okello intervenes once more, driving Obote back into exile eventually in Zambia. But both Obote and Okello are already peripheral figures.

The only well organized faction in these years of chaos is a guerrilla army led by Yoweri Museveni. Yoweri Museveni was briefly Uganda's minister of defence during the interim government after the fall of Amin. When Obote returns to power as president in , and his party the UPC wins a majority in elections widely regarded as fraudulent, Museveni refuses to accept this turning back of the clock.

During the s the NRA steadily extends the area of southern and western Uganda under its control. And Okello, after toppling Obote in , proves no match for Museveni. Museveni proclaims a government of national unity, with himself as president.